When temperatures rise, so does the risk of heat-related illness. Extreme heat can affect anyone, but older adults, young children, people with chronic medical conditions, and those without access to air conditioning are especially vulnerable. Fortunately, a little preparation can go a long way in keeping you and your loved ones safe.
Prepare Before the Heat Arrives
Planning ahead is one of the best ways to stay safe during a heat wave. If your home doesn’t have air conditioning, identify nearby places where you can cool off. Arrange to visit friends or family and identify community spaces – such as shopping malls and community centers – that can offer temporary respite from the heat.
You can also help keep your home cooler by closing curtains or blinds during the hottest part of the day, weather-stripping doors and windows, and using window air conditioners if available.
Stay Cool and Hydrated
During extreme heat, spend as much time as possible in air-conditioned spaces. If you need to be outdoors, seek shade, wear lightweight, light-colored clothing, and protect yourself with a wide-brimmed hat.
Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty. If you’re on a restricted fluid intake or have a medical condition, talk with your healthcare provider about the best way to stay hydrated.
If temperatures climb above 95°F, don’t rely on electric fans alone. While fans create airflow, they do not lower body temperature enough to prevent heat-related illness in extreme conditions.
Know the Signs of Heat Illness
Recognizing heat-related illnesses early can save lives.
Heat cramps cause painful muscle spasms and can often be treated by moving to a cooler place, resting, and drinking fluids.
Heat exhaustion may include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, or fainting. Move to an air-conditioned location, loosen clothing, cool the body, and drink fluids. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or don’t improve within an hour.
Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency. Warning signs include a body temperature above 103°F, hot, dry skin, confusion, and unconsciousness. Call 911 immediately and begin cooling the person while waiting for emergency responders.
Look Out for Others
During periods of extreme heat, check on neighbors, family members, and friends—especially older adults or anyone who may be isolated. Never leave children, older adults, or pets unattended in a parked vehicle, even for a few minutes. Temperatures inside a car can rise to dangerous levels very quickly.
Extreme heat is serious, but it doesn’t have to be dangerous. By planning ahead, staying hydrated, recognizing the warning signs of heat illness, and checking on those around you, you can help keep yourself and your community safe all summer long.